Fig. 5
From: A physics-based source model for real-time tephra-dispersal forecasting for weak eruption plumes
The total SMD [kg/m] from NIKS-1D (solid lines) and observed sedimentation data (dotted lines, Bursik et al. 1992) for the case of the St. Helens 1980 eruption. The eruption duration for NIKS-1D is assumed as \(\sim\) 10h (Sparks et al. 1986). The SMD from Bursik et al. (1992) is calculated by multiplying the width of gravity current L (=\(588\sqrt{s}\))[m] and observed tephra fallout per unit area S(s) [kg/m\(^2\)] at the distance s [m]. “Total SMD [kg/m]” in y-axis is defined as total of SMD [kg/(m s)] in eruption duration