Lava flow impacts on the built environment: insights from a new global dataset

Table 3 Lava flow events with the greatest impacts to the built environment, where impacts are recorded quantitatively on a building level. Events are ranked by the maximum number of recorded impacts to buildings. Events with inferred impacts or contradictory evidence are not included

Buildings
Rank	Start Year	Volcano	Maximum # Impacted
1	2002	Nyiragongo, DRC	14,000
2	1914	Sakurajima (Aira), Japan	4,500^a
3	2021	Nyiragongo, DRC	3,644
4	2021	La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain	3,126
5	1977	Nyiragongo, DRC	800
6	1928	Etna, Italy	750
7	2018	Kīlauea, Hawai‘i, USA	716^b
8	1730	Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain	700^a
9	1983	Miyakejima, Japan	423
10	1672	Fayal, Azores, Portugal	307^c
11	1973	Eldfell (Vestmannaeyjar), Iceland	300^a
12	1977	Karthala, Comoros	293

^aincludes tephra damage; ^b1,929 including water tanks and other structures; ^cincludes earthquake damage

ISSN: 2191-5040